This is page 4 of 5. Use http://codebase.md/microsoft/markitdown?format=md&page={x} to view the full context.

# Directory Structure

```
├── .devcontainer
│   └── devcontainer.json
├── .dockerignore
├── .gitattributes
├── .github
│   ├── dependabot.yml
│   └── workflows
│       ├── pre-commit.yml
│       └── tests.yml
├── .gitignore
├── .pre-commit-config.yaml
├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
├── Dockerfile
├── LICENSE
├── packages
│   ├── markitdown
│   │   ├── pyproject.toml
│   │   ├── README.md
│   │   ├── src
│   │   │   └── markitdown
│   │   │       ├── __about__.py
│   │   │       ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       ├── __main__.py
│   │   │       ├── _base_converter.py
│   │   │       ├── _exceptions.py
│   │   │       ├── _markitdown.py
│   │   │       ├── _stream_info.py
│   │   │       ├── _uri_utils.py
│   │   │       ├── converter_utils
│   │   │       │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       │   └── docx
│   │   │       │       ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       │       ├── math
│   │   │       │       │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       │       │   ├── latex_dict.py
│   │   │       │       │   └── omml.py
│   │   │       │       └── pre_process.py
│   │   │       ├── converters
│   │   │       │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _audio_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _bing_serp_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _csv_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _doc_intel_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _docx_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _epub_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _exiftool.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _html_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _image_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _ipynb_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _llm_caption.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _markdownify.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _outlook_msg_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _pdf_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _plain_text_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _pptx_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _rss_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _transcribe_audio.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _wikipedia_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _xlsx_converter.py
│   │   │       │   ├── _youtube_converter.py
│   │   │       │   └── _zip_converter.py
│   │   │       └── py.typed
│   │   ├── tests
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   ├── _test_vectors.py
│   │   │   ├── test_cli_misc.py
│   │   │   ├── test_cli_vectors.py
│   │   │   ├── test_docintel_html.py
│   │   │   ├── test_files
│   │   │   │   ├── equations.docx
│   │   │   │   ├── random.bin
│   │   │   │   ├── rlink.docx
│   │   │   │   ├── test_blog.html
│   │   │   │   ├── test_files.zip
│   │   │   │   ├── test_llm.jpg
│   │   │   │   ├── test_mskanji.csv
│   │   │   │   ├── test_notebook.ipynb
│   │   │   │   ├── test_outlook_msg.msg
│   │   │   │   ├── test_rss.xml
│   │   │   │   ├── test_serp.html
│   │   │   │   ├── test_wikipedia.html
│   │   │   │   ├── test_with_comment.docx
│   │   │   │   ├── test.docx
│   │   │   │   ├── test.epub
│   │   │   │   ├── test.jpg
│   │   │   │   ├── test.json
│   │   │   │   ├── test.m4a
│   │   │   │   ├── test.mp3
│   │   │   │   ├── test.pdf
│   │   │   │   ├── test.pptx
│   │   │   │   ├── test.wav
│   │   │   │   ├── test.xls
│   │   │   │   └── test.xlsx
│   │   │   ├── test_module_misc.py
│   │   │   └── test_module_vectors.py
│   │   └── ThirdPartyNotices.md
│   ├── markitdown-mcp
│   │   ├── Dockerfile
│   │   ├── pyproject.toml
│   │   ├── README.md
│   │   ├── src
│   │   │   └── markitdown_mcp
│   │   │       ├── __about__.py
│   │   │       ├── __init__.py
│   │   │       ├── __main__.py
│   │   │       └── py.typed
│   │   └── tests
│   │       └── __init__.py
│   └── markitdown-sample-plugin
│       ├── pyproject.toml
│       ├── README.md
│       ├── src
│       │   └── markitdown_sample_plugin
│       │       ├── __about__.py
│       │       ├── __init__.py
│       │       ├── _plugin.py
│       │       └── py.typed
│       └── tests
│           ├── __init__.py
│           ├── test_files
│           │   └── test.rtf
│           └── test_sample_plugin.py
├── README.md
├── SECURITY.md
└── SUPPORT.md
```

# Files

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/packages/markitdown/tests/test_files/test_wikipedia.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 vector-feature-client-preferences-disabled vector-feature-client-prefs-pinned-disabled vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-night-mode-clientpref-0 vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Microsoft - Wikipedia</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022">
<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script>
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022">
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.42.0-wmf.21">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/1200px-Building92microsoft.jpg">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="800">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/800px-Building92microsoft.jpg">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="800">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="533">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/640px-Building92microsoft.jpg">
<meta property="og:image:width" content="640">
<meta property="og:image:height" content="427">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1000">
<meta property="og:title" content="Microsoft - Wikipedia">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org">
<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 720px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)">
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft">
<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org">
</head>
<body class="skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Microsoft rootpage-Microsoft skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a>
<div class="vector-header-container">
	<header class="vector-header mw-header">
		<div class="vector-header-start">
			<nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation">

<div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right"  >
	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Main menu"  >
	<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span>

<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span>
	</label>
	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">


				<div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">

<div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element">
	<div
	class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
	data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned"
	data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu"
	data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
	data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container"
>
	<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div>
	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button>
	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button>
</div>


<div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-heading">
		Navigation
	</div>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">

			<li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us by donating to the Wikimedia Foundation"><span>Donate</span></a></li>
		</ul>

	</div>
</div>



<div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-heading">
		Contribute
	</div>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">

			<li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>
		</ul>

	</div>
</div>

</div>

				</div>

	</div>
</div>

		</nav>

<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
	<img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50">
	<span class="mw-logo-container">
		<img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;">
		<img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;">
	</span>
</a>

		</div>
		<div class="vector-header-end">

<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
	<a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" id="" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span>

<span>Search</span>
	</a>
	<div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
		<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width">
			<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
				<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper"  data-search-loc="header-moved">
					<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
						<input
							class="cdx-text-input__input"
							 type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
							>
						<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
					</div>
					<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
				</div>
				<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
			</form>
		</div>
	</div>
</div>

			<nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools" role="navigation" >
	<div class="vector-user-links-main">

<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">


		</ul>

	</div>
</div>


<div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">


		</ul>

	</div>
</div>

	<nav class="vector-client-prefs-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">


	</nav>

<div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">


		</ul>

	</div>
</div>


<div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
			<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Microsoft" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
</li>
<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Microsoft" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
</li>


		</ul>

	</div>
</div>

	</div>

<div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"  title="Log in and more options" >
	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Personal tools"  >
	<label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span>

<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
	</label>
	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">



<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"  title="User menu" >
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">

			<li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Microsoft" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Microsoft" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>
		</ul>

	</div>
</div>

<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"  >
	<div class="vector-menu-heading">
		Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
	</div>
	<div class="vector-menu-content">

		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">

			<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
		</ul>

	</div>
</div>


	</div>
</div>

</nav>

		</div>
	</header>
</div>
<div class="mw-page-container">
	<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
		<div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
			<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
		</div>
		<div class="vector-column-start">
			<div class="vector-main-menu-container">
		<div id="mw-navigation">
			<nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site" role="navigation">
				<div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">

				</div>
		</nav>
		</div>
	</div>
	<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
				<nav id="mw-panel-toc" role="navigation" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark">
					<div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
					<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
	<div
	class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
	data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
	data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"


>
	<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button>
	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button>
</div>


	<ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
		<li id="toc-mw-content-text"
			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
			<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
				<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
			</a>
		</li>
		<li id="toc-History"
		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History">
			<div class="vector-toc-text">
			<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>History</div>
		</a>

			<button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
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			<li id="toc-1972–1985:_Founding"
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span>1972–1985: Founding</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span>1985–1994: Windows and Office</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span>1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span>2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span>2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span>2014–2020: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge, and HoloLens</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span>2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows 11</div>
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			<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>Corporate affairs</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span>Board of directors</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span>Chief executives</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>Financial</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span>Subsidiaries</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span>Ownership</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span>Marketing</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span>Layoffs</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span>United States government</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span>Security challenges</div>
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			<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>Corporate identity</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span>Corporate culture</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span>Environment</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span>Headquarters</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span>Flagship stores</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span>Logo</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span>Sponsorship</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span>Philanthropy</div>
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				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span>Controversies</div>
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			<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>See also</div>
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					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsoft</span></h1>

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				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AE%E1%88%B6%E1%8D%8D%E1%89%B5" title="ማይክሮሶፍት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مايكروسوفت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مایکروسافت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="মাইক্রোসফট কর্পোরেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation – Basa Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82" title="Майкрасофт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसाफ्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82" title="Майкрософт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مايكروصوفت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%90%DE%AE%DE%8A%DE%B0%DE%93%DE%B0" title="މައިކްރޯސޮފްޓް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مایکروسافت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" title="微軟 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F" title="માઇક્રોસોફ્ટ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8" title="마이크로소프트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A9" title="Մայքրոսոֆթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसॉफ़्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98" title="מיקרוסופט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೈಕ್ರೋಸಾಫ್ಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A" title="ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maikrosaft" title="maikrosaft – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसफ्ट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്രോസോഫ്റ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="मायक्रोसॉफ्ट कॉर्पोरेशन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مايكروسوفت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AC-ni%C5%8Dng" title="Mì-niōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA" title="မိုက်ခရိုဆော့ဖ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Microsoft" title="Na Microsoft – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसफ्ट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="माइक्रोसफ्ट – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88" title="マイクロソフト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%8C%DF%9E%DF%99%DF%8F%DF%9B%DF%90%DF%9D%DF%95" title="ߡߌߞߙߏߛߐߝߕ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F" title="ମାଇକ୍ରୋସଫ୍ଟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%9F" title="ਮਾਈਕ੍ਰੋਸਾਫਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%B9" title="مائیکروسوفٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%BC" title="مايکروسافټ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94" title="មីក្រូសូប – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D" title="माइक्रोसाफ्ट् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱥᱚᱯᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%BD" title="مائڪروسافٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maykorosofti" title="Maykorosofti – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%81%D8%AA" title="مایکرۆسۆفت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koporasi_Microsoft" title="Koporasi Microsoft – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்ரோசாப்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%89%E1%81%B6%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%BE%E1%80%BA" title="မၢႆႉၶရူဝ်ႇသွပ်ႉၾ် – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="మైక్రోసాఫ్ట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="ไมโครซอฟท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%B9" title="مائیکروسافٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%89%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%89%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="مىكروسوفىت شىركىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" title="Microsoft Corporation – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" title="微軟 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF" title="微软 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="מייקראסאפט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" title="微軟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF" title="微软 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational technology corporation</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Microsoft Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(2012).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A square divided into four sub-squares, colored red-orange, green, yellow and blue (clockwise), with the company name appearing to its right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/250px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/375px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/500px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Building92microsoft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/250px-Building92microsoft.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/375px-Building92microsoft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Building92microsoft.jpg/500px-Building92microsoft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Building 92 on the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Redmond_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Redmond campus">Microsoft Redmond campus</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/msft">MSFT</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">DJIA</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&amp;P 100">S&amp;P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&amp;P 500">S&amp;P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&amp;isin=US5949181045">US5949181045</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">April&#160;4, 1975<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;48 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1975-04-04</span>)</span> in <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, U.S.</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/One_Microsoft_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="One Microsoft Way">One Microsoft Way</a>, <div style="display: inline;" class="locality"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a></span></div>, <div style="display: inline;" class="country-name">U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Vice-Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chairman">Vice Chairman</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)</li><li>Bill Gates<br />(<a href="/wiki/Adviser" title="Adviser">technical adviser</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Products</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Computer hardware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networking service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_venture_capital" title="Corporate venture capital">Corporate venture capital</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist">
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<li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Pass" title="Xbox Game Pass">Xbox Game Pass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_network" title="Xbox network">Xbox network</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>211.9 billion</span> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$88.5 billion</span> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$73.4 billion</span> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$411.9 billion</span> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$206.2 billion</span> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;">221,000 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Microsoft Engineering Groups</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Microsoft Gaming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Egypt" title="Microsoft Egypt">Microsoft Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xandr" title="Xandr">Xandr</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous System Number">ASN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/8075">8075</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 0.5em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">microsoft.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="line-height: 1.35em;"><b>Footnotes&#160;/&#32;references</b><br />Financials as of June&#160;30,&#32;2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045330069">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr>
<td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_2017_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bill Gates in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_Gates_2017_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1557" /></a></span></td>
<td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000000">This article is part of <br />a series about</span>
<br /><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></span></span></td>
</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Recognition" title="Bill Gates">Awards and honors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Philanthropy" title="Bill Gates">Philanthropy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Political_positions" title="Bill Gates">Political positions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates#Public_image" title="Bill Gates">Public image</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates&#39;s house">Residence</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Companies</div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticism</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">BEN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Charitable organizations</div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OER_Project" title="OER Project">OER Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Innovation" title="Mission Innovation">Mission Innovation</a></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Writings</div>
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" title="An Open Letter to Hobbyists">An Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a></i></li></ul>
<hr />
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Related</div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_flower_fly" title="Bill Gates&#39; flower fly">Bill Gates' flower fly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History of Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft" title="Timeline of Microsoft">Timeline of Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul>
<hr /></td>
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<p><b>Microsoft Corporation</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft's best-known <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">software products</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> line of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_operating_systems" title="List of Microsoft operating systems">operating systems</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> suite of productivity applications, and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a> web browser. Its flagship <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Microsoft hardware">hardware products</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a> video game consoles and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Microsoft Surface</a> lineup of <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> and it was the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">largest software maker</a> by revenue in 2022 according to <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a>. It is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Five</a> American <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> companies, alongside <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a> (parent company of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> (parent company of <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>).
</p><p>Microsoft was founded by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell <a href="/wiki/BASIC_interpreter" title="BASIC interpreter">BASIC interpreters</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a>. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. The company's 1986 <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) and subsequent rise in its share price created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000&#160;millionaires among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made several <a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">corporate acquisitions</a>, the largest being the <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a> of <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> for $68.7 billion in October 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> followed by its acquisition of <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> for $26.2&#160;billion in December 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> and its acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype Technologies</a> for $8.5&#160;billion in May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, Microsoft is market-dominant in the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> operating system market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the overall operating system market to <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> The company also produces a wide range of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops, laptops, tabs, gadgets, and servers, including <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">Internet search</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a>), the digital services market (through <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">mixed reality</a> (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a>), cloud computing (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a>), and software development (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a>).
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> replaced Gates as CEO in 2000 and later envisioned a "devices and services" strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> This unfolded with Microsoft acquiring <a href="/wiki/Danger_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Danger Inc.">Danger Inc.</a> in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> entering the personal computer production market for the first time in June 2012 with the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, and later forming <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Microsoft Mobile</a> through the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s devices and services division. Since <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> took over as CEO in 2014, the company has scaled back on hardware and instead focused on <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, a move that helped the company's <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> reach their highest value since December 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> Under Nadella's direction, the company has also heavily expanded its gaming business to support the Xbox brand, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Microsoft Gaming</a> division in 2022, dedicated to operating Xbox in addition to its three subsidiaries (<a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">publishers</a>). Microsoft Gaming is the third-largest gaming company in the world by revenue as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Earlier dethroned by Apple in 2010, and in 2018, Microsoft reclaimed its position as the most valuable publicly traded company in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> In April 2019, Microsoft reached a <span class="nowrap">trillion-dollar</span> <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market cap</a>, becoming the third U.S. public company to be <a href="/wiki/Trillion-dollar_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Trillion-dollar company">valued at over $1&#160;trillion</a> after Apple and Amazon, respectively. As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, Microsoft has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_brands" title="List of most valuable brands">third-highest</a> global <a href="/wiki/Brand_valuation" title="Brand valuation">brand valuation</a>.
</p><p>Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">has been criticized</a> for its monopolistic practices and the company's software has been criticized for problems with <a href="/wiki/Ease_of_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Ease of use">ease of use</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robustness_(computer_science)" title="Robustness (computer science)">robustness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a>.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History of Microsoft</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft" title="Timeline of Microsoft">Timeline of Microsoft</a>.</div>
<h3><span id="1972.E2.80.931985:_Founding"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1972–1985:_Founding">1972–1985: Founding</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg/256px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg/384px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg/512px-Altair_8800_and_Model_33_ASR_Teletype_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>An Altair 8800 computer (left) with the popular Model 33 ASR Teletype as terminal, paper tape reader, and paper tape punch</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1981BillPaul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4f/1981BillPaul.jpg/220px-1981BillPaul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4f/1981BillPaul.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="173" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> on October 19, 1981, after signing a pivotal contract with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a><sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 228">&#58;&#8202;228&#8202;</span></sup></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg/220px-Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg/330px-Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg/440px-Bill_Gates_and_Paul_Allen_Business_Cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Bill Gates and Paul Allen's Original Business Cards located in the Microsoft Visitor Center.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Childhood friends <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> sought to make a business using their skills in <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> In 1972, they founded <a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a>, which sold a rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_University" title="Washington State University">Washington State University</a>, though he later dropped out to work at <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> The January 1975 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a></i> featured <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems</a>'s (MITS) <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> microcomputer,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> which inspired Allen to suggest that they could program a <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> interpreter for the device. Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration. Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>. MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as <a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 108, 112–114">&#58;&#8202;108,&#8202;112–114&#8202;</span></sup> Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO,<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTL_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTL-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> and Allen suggested the name "Micro-Soft," short for micro-computer software.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup> In August 1977, the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office of <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Corporation" title="ASCII Corporation">ASCII Microsoft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft moved its headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, in January 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTL_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTL-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft entered the operating system (OS) business in 1980 with its own version of <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> called <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> but it was <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> that solidified the company's dominance. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> OS to be used in the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> (IBM PC).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup> For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a> from <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> which it branded as MS-DOS, although IBM rebranded it to <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS">IBM PC DOS</a>. Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981. IBM had copyrighted the IBM PC <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>, so other companies had to reverse engineer it for non-IBM hardware to run as <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Microsoft eventually became the leading PC operating systems vendor.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 210">&#58;&#8202;210&#8202;</span></sup> The company expanded into new markets with the release of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mouse" title="Microsoft Mouse">Microsoft Mouse</a> in 1983, as well as with a publishing division named <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 232">&#58;&#8202;232&#8202;</span></sup>
Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodgkin&#39;s lymphoma">Hodgkin's lymphoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup> Allen claimed in <i>Idea Man: A Memoir by the co-founder of Microsoft</i> that Gates wanted to dilute his share in the company when he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease because he did not think that he was working hard enough.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup> Allen later invested in low-tech sectors, sports teams, commercial real estate, neuroscience, private space flight, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="1985.E2.80.931994:_Windows_and_Office"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1985–1994:_Windows_and_Office">1985–1994: Windows and Office</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg/220px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg/330px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg/440px-Microsoft_Windows_1.0_pages2_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Windows_1.0" title="Windows 1.0">Windows 1.0</a> was released on November 20, 1985, as the first version of the Windows line.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> on November 20, 1985, as a graphical extension for <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 242–243, 246">&#58;&#8202;242–243,&#8202;246&#8202;</span></sup> despite having begun jointly developing <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> with IBM that August.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft moved its headquarters from Bellevue to <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>, on February 26, 1986, and went public on March 13,<sup id="cite_ref-CBSCHRON_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSCHRON-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> with the resulting rise in stock making an estimated four billionaires and 12,000&#160;millionaires from Microsoft employees.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft released its version of OS/2 to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) on April 2, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> In 1990, the Federal Trade Commission examined Microsoft for possible collusion due to the partnership with IBM, marking the beginning of more than a decade of legal clashes with the government.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 243–244">&#58;&#8202;243–244&#8202;</span></sup> Meanwhile, the company was at work on Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, which was heavily based on their copy of the OS/2 code. It shipped on July 21, 1993, with a new modular <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">Win32</a> application programming interface (API), making it easier to port from <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> (MS-DOS-based) Windows. Microsoft informed IBM of Windows NT, and the OS/2 partnership deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1990, Microsoft introduced the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> suite which bundled separate applications such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 301">&#58;&#8202;301&#8202;</span></sup> On May 22, Microsoft launched <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.0" title="Windows 3.0">Windows 3.0</a>, featuring streamlined user interface graphics and improved protected mode capability for the <a href="/wiki/I386" title="I386">Intel 386</a> processor,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup> and both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 27, 1994, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Antitrust_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division">Department of Justice's Antitrust Division</a> filed a competitive impact statement that said: "Beginning in 1988 and continuing until July 15, 1994, Microsoft induced many OEMs to execute anti-competitive 'per processor licenses. Under a per-processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty for each computer it sells containing a particular microprocessor, whether the OEM sells the computer with a Microsoft operating system or a non-Microsoft operating system. In effect, the royalty payment to Microsoft when no Microsoft product is being used acts as a penalty, or tax, on the OEM's use of a competing PC operating system. Since 1988, Microsoft's use of per processor licenses has increased."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="1995.E2.80.932007:_Foray_into_the_Web.2C_Windows_95.2C_Windows_XP.2C_and_Xbox"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="1995–2007:_Foray_into_the_Web,_Windows_95,_Windows_XP,_and_Xbox">1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:300lx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/220px-300lx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/330px-300lx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/300lx.jpg/440px-300lx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>In 1996, Microsoft released Windows CE, a version of the operating system meant for personal digital assistants and other tiny computers, shown here on the <a href="/wiki/HP_300LX" title="HP 300LX">HP 300LX</a>.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Following Bill Gates's internal "Internet Tidal Wave memo" on May 26, 1995, Microsoft began to redefine its offerings and expand its product line into <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> With a few exceptions of new companies, like <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a>, Microsoft was the only major and established company that acted fast enough to be a part of the World Wide Web practically from the start. Other companies like <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a>, <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Software" title="Lotus Software">Lotus</a>, being much slower to adapt to the new situation, would give Microsoft market dominance.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The company released <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> on August 24, 1995, featuring <a href="/wiki/Preemption_(computing)#PREEMPTIVE" title="Preemption (computing)">pre-emptive multitasking</a>, a completely new user interface with a novel <a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">start button</a>, and 32-bit compatibility; similar to NT, it provided the Win32 API.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">&#58;&#8202;20&#8202;</span></sup> Windows 95 came bundled with the <a href="/wiki/Online_service_provider" title="Online service provider">online service</a> <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>, which was at first intended to be a competitor to the Internet,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="&quot;The Internet&quot; is a huge network of cables, microwave links and switching equipment, and even Microsoft at the time didn&#39;t have the financial means to replicate it, nor would there have been any business reason to do so. (May 2019)">dubious</span></a>&#32;<span class="metadata"> &#8211; <a href="/wiki/Talk:Microsoft#Dubious" title="Talk:Microsoft">discuss</a></span></i>&#93;</sup> and (for OEMs) <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a>. Internet Explorer has not bundled with the retail Windows 95 boxes, because the boxes were printed before the team finished the Web browser, and instead were included in the Windows 95 Plus! pack.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup> Backed by a high-profile marketing campaign<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> and what <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> called "the splashiest, most frenzied, most expensive introduction of a computer product in the industry's history,"<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> Windows 95 quickly became a success.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup> Branching out into new markets in 1996, Microsoft and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> unit created a new <a href="/wiki/24/7_service" title="24/7 service">24/7</a> cable news channel, <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft created <a href="/wiki/Windows_Embedded_Compact#Versions" title="Windows Embedded Compact">Windows CE 1.0</a>, a new OS designed for devices with low memory and other constraints, such as <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup> In October 1997, the Justice Department filed a motion in the Federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District Court</a>, stating that Microsoft violated an agreement signed in 1994 and asked the court to stop the bundling of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> with Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 323–324">&#58;&#8202;323–324&#8202;</span></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xbox-console.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Xbox-console.jpg/220px-Xbox-console.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Xbox-console.jpg/330px-Xbox-console.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Xbox-console.jpg/440px-Xbox-console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5700" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>Microsoft released the first installment in the <a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a> series of consoles in 2001. The <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>, graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733&#160;MHz Intel Pentium III processor.</figcaption></figure>
<p>On January 13, 2000, Bill Gates handed over the CEO position to <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a>, an old college friend of Gates and employee of the company since 1980, while creating a new position for himself as Chief <a href="/wiki/Software_architect" title="Software architect">Software Architect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111, 228">&#58;&#8202;111,&#8202;228&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCTL_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTL-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> Various companies including Microsoft formed the <a href="/wiki/Trusted_Computing_Group" title="Trusted Computing Group">Trusted Computing Platform Alliance</a> in October 1999 to (among other things) increase security and protect <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> through identifying changes in hardware and software. Critics decried the alliance as a way to enforce indiscriminate restrictions over how consumers use software, and over how computers behave, and as a form of <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a>: for example, the scenario where a computer is not only secured for its owner but also secured against its owner as well.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup> On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup> calling the company an "abusive monopoly."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft later settled with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSCHRON_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSCHRON-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, unifying the mainstream and NT lines of OS under the NT codebase.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup> The company released the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a> later that year, entering the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a> market dominated by <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup> In March 2004 the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> brought <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">antitrust legal action against the company</a>, citing it abused its dominance with the Windows OS, resulting in a judgment of €497&#160;million ($613&#160;million) and requiring Microsoft to produce new versions of Windows XP without <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</a>: Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup> In November 2005, the company's second video game console, the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>, was released. There were two versions, a basic version for $299.99 and a deluxe version for $399.99.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Increasingly present in the hardware business following Xbox, Microsoft 2006 released the <a href="/wiki/Zune" title="Zune">Zune</a> series of digital media players, a successor of its previous software platform <a href="/wiki/Portable_Media_Center" title="Portable Media Center">Portable Media Center</a>. These expanded on previous hardware commitments from Microsoft following its original <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mouse" title="Microsoft Mouse">Microsoft Mouse</a> in 1983; as of 2007 the company sold the best-selling wired keyboard (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ergonomic_keyboards" title="Microsoft ergonomic keyboards">Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000</a>), mouse (<a href="/wiki/IntelliMouse" title="IntelliMouse">IntelliMouse</a>), and desktop webcam (<a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a>) in the United States. That year the company also launched the Surface "digital table", later renamed <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PixelSense" title="Microsoft PixelSense">PixelSense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="2007.E2.80.932011:_Microsoft_Azure.2C_Windows_Vista.2C_Windows_7.2C_and_Microsoft_Stores"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2007–2011:_Microsoft_Azure,_Windows_Vista,_Windows_7,_and_Microsoft_Stores">2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg/220px-Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg/330px-Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg/440px-Steve_Ballmer_-_MIX_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>CEO <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a> event in 2008. In an interview about his management style in 2005, he mentioned that his first priority was to get the people he delegates to in order. Ballmer also emphasized the need to continue pursuing new technologies even if initial attempts fail, citing the original attempts with Windows as an example.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/220px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/330px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg/440px-Belgique_-_Bruxelles_-_Schuman_-_Berlaymont_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="2894" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters of the European Commission, which has imposed several fines on Microsoft</figcaption></figure>
<p>Released in January 2007, the next version of Windows, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Vista</a>, focused on features, security and a redesigned user interface dubbed <a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">Microsoft Office 2007</a>, released at the same time, featured a "<a href="/wiki/Ribbon_(computing)" title="Ribbon (computing)">Ribbon</a>" user interface which was a significant departure from its predecessors. Relatively strong sales of both products helped to produce a record profit in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup> The European Union imposed another fine of €899&#160;million ($1.4&#160;billion) for Microsoft's lack of compliance with the March 2004 judgment on February 27, 2008, saying that the company charged rivals unreasonable prices for key information about its <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">workgroup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BackOffice_Server" title="Microsoft BackOffice Server">backoffice</a> servers.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft stated that it was in compliance and that "these fines are about the past issues that have been resolved".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> 2007 also saw the creation of a multi-core unit at Microsoft, following the steps of server companies such as Sun and IBM.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Gates retired from his role as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008, a decision announced in June 2006, while retaining other positions related to the company in addition to being an advisor for the company on key projects.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure Services Platform</a>, the company's entry into the <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> market for Windows, launched on October 27, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup> On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its intent to open a chain of Microsoft-branded retail stores, and on October 22, 2009, the first retail <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Microsoft Store</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a>; the same day <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> was officially released to the public. Windows 7's focus was on refining Vista with ease-of-use features and performance enhancements, rather than an extensive reworking of Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>As the smartphone industry boomed in the late 2000s, Microsoft had struggled to keep up with its rivals in providing a modern smartphone operating system, falling behind <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup> As a result, in 2010 Microsoft revamped their aging flagship mobile operating system, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a>, replacing it with the new <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> OS that was released in October that year.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup> It used a new user interface design language, codenamed "Metro," which prominently used simple shapes, typography, and iconography, utilizing the concept of minimalism. Microsoft implemented a new strategy for the software industry, providing a consistent user experience across all smartphones using the Windows Phone OS. It launched an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> in 2011 and Microsoft worked closely with the company to co-develop Windows Phone,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup> but remained partners with long-time Windows Mobile OEM <a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Open_Networking_Foundation" title="Open Networking Foundation">Open Networking Foundation</a> started on March 23, 2011. Fellow founders were <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise_Networking" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise Networking">HP Networking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> and 17 other companies. This nonprofit organization is focused on providing support for a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> initiative called Software-Defined Networking.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup> The initiative is meant to speed innovation through simple software changes in telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers, and other networking areas.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="2011.E2.80.932014:_Windows_8.2F8.1.2C_Xbox_One.2C_Outlook.com.2C_and_Surface_devices"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2011–2014:_Windows_8/8.1,_Xbox_One,_Outlook.com,_and_Surface_devices">2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SurfacePro3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SurfacePro3.JPG/220px-SurfacePro3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SurfacePro3.JPG/330px-SurfacePro3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/SurfacePro3.JPG/440px-SurfacePro3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro_3" title="Surface Pro 3">Surface Pro 3</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> series of laplets by Microsoft</figcaption></figure>
<p>Following the release of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>, Microsoft undertook a gradual <a href="/wiki/Rebranding" title="Rebranding">rebranding</a> of its product range throughout 2011 and 2012, with the corporation's logos, products, services, and websites adopting the principles and concepts of the <a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Metro design language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft unveiled <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, an operating system designed to power both personal computers and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, in Taipei in June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup> A developer preview was released on September 13, which was subsequently replaced by a consumer preview on February 29, 2012, and released to the public in May.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> was unveiled on June 18, becoming the first computer in the company's history to have its hardware made by Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VF2012_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VF2012-82">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2&#160;billion to buy the social network <a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup> On July 31, they launched the <a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a> <a href="/wiki/Webmail" title="Webmail">webmail service</a> to compete with <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup> On September 4, 2012, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2012" title="Windows Server 2012">Windows Server 2012</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2012, Microsoft sold its 50% stake in MSNBC, which it had run as a joint venture with NBC since 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup> On October 1, Microsoft announced its intention to launch a news operation, part of a new-look <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>, with Windows 8 later in the month.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> On October 26, 2012, Microsoft launched Windows 8 and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Microsoft Surface</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VF2012_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VF2012-82">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> Three days later, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_8" title="Windows Phone 8">Windows Phone 8</a> was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> To cope with the potential for an increase in demand for products and services, Microsoft opened a number of "holiday stores" across the U.S. to complement the increasing number of "bricks-and-mortar" Microsoft Stores that opened in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup> On March 29, 2013, Microsoft launched a Patent Tracker.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2012, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> announced a partnership with Microsoft for the development of the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Awareness_System" title="Domain Awareness System">Domain Awareness System</a> which is used for <a href="/wiki/Police_surveillance_in_New_York_City" title="Police surveillance in New York City">Police surveillance in New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/220px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/330px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg/440px-Microsoft-Xbox-One-Console-Set-wKinect.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7680" data-file-height="5040" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> console, released in 2013</figcaption></figure>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">Kinect</a>, a motion-sensing input device made by Microsoft and designed as a <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">video game controller</a>, first introduced in November 2010, was upgraded for the 2013 release of the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a> video game console. Kinect's capabilities were revealed in May 2013: an ultra-wide 1080p camera, function in the dark due to an infrared sensor, higher-end processing power and new software, the ability to distinguish between fine movements (such as a thumb movement), and determining a user's heart rate by looking at their face.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft filed a patent application in 2011 that suggests that the corporation may use the Kinect camera system to monitor the behavior of television viewers as part of a plan to make the viewing experience more interactive. On July 19, 2013, Microsoft stocks suffered their biggest one-day percentage sell-off since the year 2000, after its fourth-quarter report raised concerns among investors on the poor showings of both Windows 8 and the Surface tablet. Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32&#160;billion.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the business into four new business divisions, namely Operating systems, Apps, Cloud, and Devices. All previous divisions will be dissolved into new divisions without any workforce cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup> On September 3, 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s mobile unit for $7&#160;billion,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup> following <a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> taking the role of CFO.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div>
<h3><span id="2014.E2.80.932020:_Windows_10.2C_Microsoft_Edge.2C_and_HoloLens"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2014–2020:_Windows_10,_Microsoft_Edge,_and_HoloLens">2014–2020: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge, and HoloLens</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satya_smiling-print.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Satya_smiling-print.jpg/220px-Satya_smiling-print.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Satya_smiling-print.jpg/330px-Satya_smiling-print.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Satya_smiling-print.jpg/440px-Satya_smiling-print.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5212" data-file-height="3475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> succeeded <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of Microsoft in February 2014.</figcaption></figure>
<p>On February 4, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> stepped down as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of Microsoft and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>, who previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a> took on the role of chairman, in place of Bill Gates, who continued to participate as a technology advisor.<sup id="cite_ref-chairex_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chairex-99">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> Thompson became the second chairman in Microsoft's history.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup> On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2&#160;billion.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup> This new subsidiary was renamed Microsoft Mobile Oy.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup> On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the video game development company <a href="/wiki/Mojang" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojang">Mojang</a>, best known for <i><a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a></i>, for $2.5&#160;billion.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup> On June 8, 2017, Microsoft acquired <a href="/wiki/Hexadite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexadite">Hexadite</a>, an Israeli security firm, for $100&#160;million.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the release of their first <a href="/wiki/Interactive_whiteboard" title="Interactive whiteboard">Interactive whiteboard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Microsoft Surface Hub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> On July 29, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> was released,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup> with its server sibling, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2016" title="Windows Server 2016">Windows Server 2016</a>, released in September 2016. In Q1 2015, Microsoft was the third largest maker of mobile phones, selling 33&#160;million units (7.2% of all). While a large majority (at least 75%) of them do not run any version of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>— those other phones are not categorized as <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> by Gartner&#160;&#8211;&#32;in the same time frame 8&#160;million Windows smartphones (2.5% of all smartphones) were made by all manufacturers (but mostly by Microsoft).<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft's share of the U.S. smartphone market in January 2016 was 2.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup> During the summer of 2015 the company lost $7.6&#160;billion related to its mobile-phone business, firing 7,800 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ:_Microsoft_to_Streamline_Smartphone_Hardware_Business_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ:_Microsoft_to_Streamline_Smartphone_Hardware_Business-110">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 1, 2016, Microsoft announced the merger of its PC and Xbox divisions, with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a> announcing that Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps would be the focus for Microsoft's gaming in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> On January 24, 2017, Microsoft showcased Intune for Education at the <a href="/wiki/BETT" title="BETT">BETT</a> 2017 education technology conference in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup> Intune for Education is a new cloud-based application and device management service for the education sector.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup> In May 2016, the company announced it was laying off 1,850 workers, and taking an impairment and restructuring charge of $950&#160;million.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ:_Microsoft_to_Streamline_Smartphone_Hardware_Business_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ:_Microsoft_to_Streamline_Smartphone_Hardware_Business-110">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection. It aims to help enterprises protect their data as it moves between servers and devices.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup> In November 2016, Microsoft joined the <a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a> as a Platinum member during Microsoft's Connect(); developer event in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup> The cost of each Platinum membership is US$500,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup> Some analysts deemed this unthinkable ten years prior, however, as in 2001 then-CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux "cancer".<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft planned to launch a preview of Intune for Education "in the coming weeks," with general availability scheduled for spring 2017, priced at $30 per device, or through volume licensing agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png/220px-Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png/330px-Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png/440px-Nokia_%26_Microsoft_Lumia_devices.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_1320" title="Nokia Lumia 1320">Nokia Lumia 1320</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lumia_535" title="Microsoft Lumia 535">Microsoft Lumia 535</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Lumia_530" title="Nokia Lumia 530">Nokia Lumia 530</a>, which all run on one of the now-discontinued <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> operating systems</figcaption></figure>
<p>In January 2018, Microsoft patched <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> to account for CPU problems related to <a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Intel's Meltdown security breach</a>. The patch led to issues with the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> virtual machines reliant on Intel's CPU architecture. On January 12, Microsoft released <a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell Core 6.0</a> for the <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> In February 2018, Microsoft killed notification support for their <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> devices which effectively ended firmware updates for the discontinued devices.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> In March 2018, Microsoft recalled <a href="/wiki/Windows_10_editions#Discontinued_editions" title="Windows 10 editions">Windows 10 S</a> to change it to a mode for the Windows operating system rather than a separate and unique operating system. In March the company also established guidelines that censor users of <a href="/wiki/Office_365" class="mw-redirect" title="Office 365">Office 365</a> from using <a href="/wiki/Profanity" title="Profanity">profanity</a> in private documents.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2018, Microsoft released the source code for Windows <a href="/wiki/File_Manager_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="File Manager (Windows)">File Manager</a> under the <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a> to celebrate the program's 20th anniversary. In April the company further expressed willingness to embrace open source initiatives by announcing <a href="/wiki/Azure_Sphere" title="Azure Sphere">Azure Sphere</a> as its own derivative of the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> In May 2018, Microsoft partnered with 17 American intelligence agencies to develop <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> products. The project is dubbed "Azure Government" and has ties to the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Enterprise_Defense_Infrastructure" title="Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure">Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure</a> (JEDI) surveillance program.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> for $7.5&#160;billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup> On July 10, 2018, Microsoft revealed the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface_Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Surface Go">Surface Go</a> platform to the public. Later in the month, it converted <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">gratis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> In August 2018, Microsoft released two projects called Microsoft AccountGuard and Defending Democracy. It also unveiled <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_Snapdragon" title="Qualcomm Snapdragon">Snapdragon 850</a> compatibility for <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> on the <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_(29794543715).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg/170px-Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg/255px-Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg/340px-Apollo_11_astronaut_Buzz_Aldrin_tries_out_Microsoft_HoloLens_%2829794543715%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> mixed reality headset in September 2016</figcaption></figure>
<p>In August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tsusho" title="Toyota Tsusho">Toyota Tsusho</a> began a partnership with Microsoft to create <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a> tools using the Microsoft Azure application suite for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> (IoT) technologies related to water management. Developed in part by researchers from <a href="/wiki/Kindai_University" title="Kindai University">Kindai University</a>, the water pump mechanisms use <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> to count the number of fish on a <a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a>, analyze the number of fish, and deduce the effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The specific <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer programs</a> used in the process fall under the Azure Machine Learning and the Azure IoT Hub platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2018, Microsoft discontinued <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype Classic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_119-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> On October 10, 2018, Microsoft joined the <a href="/wiki/Open_Invention_Network" title="Open Invention Network">Open Invention Network</a> community despite holding more than 60,000 patents.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup> In November 2018, Microsoft agreed to supply 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> headsets to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States military</a> in order to "increase lethality by enhancing the ability to detect, decide and engage before the enemy."<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup> In November 2018, Microsoft introduced Azure Multi-Factor Authentication for Microsoft Azure.<sup id="cite_ref-R1BDM_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R1BDM-127">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup> In December 2018, Microsoft announced <a href="/wiki/Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Project Mu</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> release of the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Extensible Firmware Interface">Unified Extensible Firmware Interface</a> (UEFI) core used in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Microsoft Surface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a> products. The project promotes the idea of <a href="/wiki/Project_Mu" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Mu">Firmware as a Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup> In the same month, Microsoft announced the <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> implementation of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Forms" title="Windows Forms">Windows Forms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation" title="Windows Presentation Foundation">Windows Presentation Foundation</a> (WPF) which will allow for further movement of the company toward the transparent release of key frameworks used in developing Windows desktop applications and software. December also saw the company discontinue the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Microsoft Edge</a> project in favor of <a href="/wiki/Chromium_(web_browser)" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a> backends for their browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-R1BDM_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R1BDM-127">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On February 20, 2019, Microsoft Corp said it will offer its cyber security service AccountGuard to 12 new markets in Europe including Germany, France and Spain, to close security gaps and protect customers in political space from hacking.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup> In February 2019, hundreds of Microsoft employees protested the company's <a href="/wiki/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering">war profiteering</a> from a $480&#160;million contract to develop <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">virtual reality headsets</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="2020.E2.80.93present:_Acquisitions.2C_Xbox_Series_X.2FS.2C_and_Windows_11"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2020–present:_Acquisitions,_Xbox_Series_X/S,_and_Windows_11">2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S, and Windows 11</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft</a></div>
<p>On March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced it was acquiring Affirmed Networks for about $1.35&#160;billion.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup> Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup> On July 22, 2020, Microsoft announced plans to close its <a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a> service, planning to move existing partners to <a href="/wiki/Facebook_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Gaming">Facebook Gaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On July 31, 2020, it was reported that Microsoft was in talks to acquire <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> ordered <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a> to <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divest</a> ownership of the application to the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup> On August 3, 2020, after speculation on the deal, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> stated that Microsoft could buy the application, however, it should be completed by September 15, 2020, and that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> should receive a portion if it were to go through.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On August 5, 2020, Microsoft stopped its <a href="/wiki/XCloud" class="mw-redirect" title="XCloud">xCloud</a> game streaming test for <a href="/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of iOS devices">iOS devices</a>. According to Microsoft, the future of xCloud on iOS remains unclear and potentially out of Microsoft's hands. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> has imposed a strict limit on <a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">"remote desktop clients"</a> which means applications are only allowed to connect to a user-owned host device or gaming console owned by the user.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> On September 21, 2020, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire video game company <a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Softworks" title="Bethesda Softworks">Bethesda Softworks</a>, for about $7.5&#160;billion, with the deal expected to occur in the second half of 2021 fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup> On March 9, 2021, the acquisition was finalized and ZeniMax Media became part of Microsoft's Xbox Game Studios division.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> The total price of the deal was $8.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had an exclusive license to use <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>'s GPT-3 artificial intelligence language generator.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> The previous version of <a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">GPT-3</a>, called <a href="/wiki/GPT-2" title="GPT-2">GPT-2</a>, made headlines for being "too dangerous to release" and had numerous capabilities, including designing websites, prescribing medication, answering questions, and penning articles.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 10, 2020, Microsoft released the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S</a> video game consoles.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2021, Microsoft announced it would buy <a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a> for approximately $16 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup> The acquisition of Nuance was completed in March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup> In 2021, in part due to the strong quarterly earnings spurred by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Microsoft's valuation came to nearly $2 trillion. The increased necessity for <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> drove demand for <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> and grew the company's gaming sales.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On June 24, 2021, Microsoft announced <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> during a Livestream. The announcement came with confusion after Microsoft announced Windows 10 would be the last version of the operating system; set to be released in the third quarter of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup> It was released to the general public on October 5, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2021, it was announced that the company had acquired Takelessons, an online platform that connects students and tutors in numerous subjects. The acquisition positioned Microsoft to grow its presence in the market of providing online education to large numbers of people.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup> In the same month, Microsoft acquired Australia-based video editing software company <a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2021, Microsoft announced that it began rolling out end-to-end encryption (E2EE) support for Microsoft Teams calls in order to secure business communication while using video conferencing software. Users can ensure that their calls are encrypted and can utilize a security code that both parties on a call must verify on their respective ends.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup> On October 7, Microsoft acquired Ally.io, a software service that measures companies' progress against <a href="/wiki/OKR" class="mw-redirect" title="OKR">OKRs</a>. Microsoft plans to incorporate Ally.io into its Viva family of employee experience products.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 18, 2022, Microsoft announced the acquisition of American video game developer and <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> in an all-cash deal worth $68.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-155">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup> Activision Blizzard is best known for producing franchises, including but not limited to <i><a href="/wiki/Warcraft" title="Warcraft">Warcraft</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Diablo_(series)" title="Diablo (series)">Diablo</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/StarCraft" title="StarCraft">StarCraft</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Candy_Crush_Saga" title="Candy Crush Saga">Candy Crush Saga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crash_Bandicoot" title="Crash Bandicoot">Crash Bandicoot</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spyro" title="Spyro">Spyro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk%27s" title="Tony Hawk&#39;s">Tony Hawk's</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guitar_Hero" title="Guitar Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Overwatch" title="Overwatch">Overwatch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup> Activision and Microsoft each released statements saying the acquisition was to benefit their businesses in the <a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">metaverse</a>, many saw Microsoft's acquisition of video game studios as an attempt to compete against <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a>, with <i><a href="/wiki/TheStreet" title="TheStreet">TheStreet</a></i> referring to Microsoft wanting to become "the <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> of the metaverse".<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft also named <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a>, head of the Xbox brand since 2014, the inaugural CEO of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Microsoft Gaming</a> division, which now houses the Xbox operations team and the three publishers in the company's portfolio (Xbox Game Studios, ZeniMax Media, Activision Blizzard). Microsoft has not released statements regarding Activision's recent legal controversies regarding employee abuse, but reports have alleged that Activision CEO <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Kotick" title="Bobby Kotick">Bobby Kotick</a>, a major target of the controversy, will leave the company after the acquisition is finalized.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup> The deal was closed on October 13, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">&#91;160&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2022, Microsoft announced a new 10-year deal with the London Stock Exchange for products including Microsoft Azure; Microsoft acquired ~4% of the LSE as part of the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">&#91;161&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2023, CEO Satya Nadella announced Microsoft would lay off some 10,000 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">&#91;162&#93;</a></sup> The announcement came a day after hosting a <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> concert for 50 people, including Microsoft executives, in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">&#91;163&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 23, 2023, Microsoft announced a new multi-year, multi-billion dollar investment deal with <a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a> developer <a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">&#91;164&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>At a November 2023 developer conference, Microsoft announced two new custom-designed computing chips: The Maia chip, designed to run large language models, and Cobalt CPU, designed to power general cloud services on Azure.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">&#91;165&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">&#91;166&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 20, 2023, Satya Nadella announced the former
<a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Sam_Altman" title="Sam Altman">Sam Altman</a> and former president and Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Greg_Brockman" title="Greg Brockman">Greg Brockman</a> will be joining Microsoft to lead a new advanced AI research team.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">&#91;167&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">&#91;168&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2024, Microsoft became the most valued publicly traded company. Meanwhile, that month, the company announced a subscription offering of artificial intelligence for small businesses via Copilot Pro. <sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">&#91;169&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">&#91;170&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism of Microsoft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship in China</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Embrace,_extend,_and_extinguish" title="Embrace, extend, and extinguish">Embrace, extend, and extinguish</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Board_of_directors">Board of directors</span></h3>
<p>The company is run by a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> made up of mostly company outsiders, as is customary for publicly traded companies. Members of the board of directors as of December 2023 are <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a>, Hugh Johnston, Teri List, <a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a>, Carlos Rodriguez, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">&#91;171&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting using a majority vote system. There are four committees within the board that oversee more specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including the nomination of the board; and the Regulatory and Public Policy Committee, which includes legal/antitrust matters, along with privacy, trade, digital safety, artificial intelligence, and environmental sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">&#91;172&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 13, 2020, Gates announced that he is leaving the board of directors of Microsoft and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a> to focus more on his philanthropic efforts. According to Aaron Tilley of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> this is "marking the biggest boardroom departure in the tech industry since the death of longtime rival and Apple Inc. co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">&#91;173&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 13, 2022, <i>The Wall Street Journal</i> reported that Microsoft's board of directors plans to hire an external <a href="/wiki/Law_firm" title="Law firm">law firm</a> to review its <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender discrimination">gender discrimination</a> policies, and to release a summary of how the company handled past allegations of misconduct against Bill Gates and other corporate executives.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">&#91;174&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chief_executives">Chief executives</span></h3>
<ol><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> (1975–2000)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a> (2000–2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (2014–present)</li></ol>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial">Financial</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg/350px-Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg/525px-Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg/700px-Microsoft_5-Year_Stock_History.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Five year history graph of <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/msft">MSFT</a> stock on July 17, 2013<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">&#91;175&#93;</a></sup></figcaption></figure>
<p>When Microsoft went public and launched its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) in 1986, the opening <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> price was $21; after the <a href="/wiki/Trading_day" title="Trading day">trading day</a>, the price closed at $27.75. As of July 2010, with the company's nine <a href="/wiki/Stock_split" title="Stock split">stock splits</a>, any IPO <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> would be multiplied by 288; if one were to buy the IPO today, given the splits and other factors, it would cost about 9&#160;cents.<sup id="cite_ref-Allan_2001_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allan_2001-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 235–236">&#58;&#8202;235–236&#8202;</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">&#91;176&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">&#91;177&#93;</a></sup> The stock price peaked in 1999 at around $119 ($60.928, adjusting for splits).<sup id="cite_ref-stocksheet_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stocksheet-178">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup> The company began to offer a <a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">dividend</a> on January 16, 2003, starting at eight cents per share for the fiscal year followed by a dividend of sixteen cents per share the subsequent year, switching from yearly to quarterly dividends in 2005 with eight cents a share per quarter and a <a href="/wiki/Special_dividend" title="Special dividend">special one-time payout</a> of three dollars per share for the second quarter of the fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-stocksheet_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stocksheet-178">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dividendfaq_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dividendfaq-179">&#91;179&#93;</a></sup> Though the company had subsequent increases in dividend payouts, the price of Microsoft's stock remained steady for years.<sup id="cite_ref-dividendfaq_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dividendfaq-179">&#91;179&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">&#91;180&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard &amp; Poor&#39;s">Standard &amp; Poor's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s_Investors_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody&#39;s Investors Service">Moody's Investors Service</a> have both given a AAA rating to Microsoft, whose assets were valued at $41&#160;billion as compared to only $8.5&#160;billion in unsecured debt. Consequently, in February 2011 Microsoft released a corporate bond amounting to $2.25&#160;billion with relatively low borrowing rates compared to <a href="/wiki/Government_bond" title="Government bond">government bonds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">&#91;181&#93;</a></sup> For the first time in 20 years <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> surpassed Microsoft in Q1 2011 quarterly profits and revenues due to a slowdown in PC sales and continuing huge losses in Microsoft's Online Services Division (which contains its search engine <a href="/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bing (search engine)">Bing</a>). Microsoft profits were $5.2&#160;billion, while Apple Inc. profits were $6&#160;billion, on revenues of $14.5&#160;billion and $24.7&#160;billion respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">&#91;182&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft's Online Services Division has been continuously loss-making since 2006 and in Q1 2011 it lost $726&#160;million. This follows a loss of $2.5&#160;billion for the year 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">&#91;183&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable floatright">
<caption>Sales by region (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-184">&#91;184&#93;</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>Region
</th>
<th>Sales in billion $
</th>
<th>share
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>United States
</td>
<td>106.7
</td>
<td>50.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Other countries
</td>
<td>105.2
</td>
<td>49.6%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>On July 20, 2012, Microsoft posted its first quarterly loss ever, despite earning record revenues for the quarter and fiscal year, with a net loss of $492&#160;million due to a <a href="/wiki/Write-off#Write-down" title="Write-off">writedown</a> related to the advertising company <a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a>, which had been acquired for $6.2&#160;billion back in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">&#91;185&#93;</a></sup> As of January 2014, Microsoft's market capitalization stood at $314B,<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">&#91;186&#93;</a></sup> making it the 8th largest company in the world by market capitalization.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">&#91;187&#93;</a></sup> On November 14, 2014, Microsoft overtook <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> to become the second most-valuable company by market capitalization, behind only <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Its total market value was over $410B—with the stock price hitting $50.04 a share, the highest since early 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">&#91;188&#93;</a></sup> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> reported that Microsoft Corp had earnings abroad of $76.4&#160;billion which were untaxed by the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. Under U.S. law, corporations do not pay income tax on overseas profits until the profits are brought into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">&#91;189&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>Revenue<br />in million US$<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-190">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Net income<br />in million US$<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-190">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Total Assets<br />in million US$<sup id="cite_ref-microsoft.com_190-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-microsoft.com-190">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup>
</th>
<th>Employees<sup id="cite_ref-:2_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-191">&#91;191&#93;</a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2005
</td>
<td>39,788
</td>
<td>12,254
</td>
<td>70,815
</td>
<td>61,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2006
</td>
<td>44,282
</td>
<td>12,599
</td>
<td>69,597
</td>
<td>71,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2007
</td>
<td>51,122
</td>
<td>14,065
</td>
<td>63,171
</td>
<td>79,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2008
</td>
<td>60,420
</td>
<td>17,681
</td>
<td>72,793
</td>
<td>91,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2009
</td>
<td>58,437
</td>
<td>14,569
</td>
<td>77,888
</td>
<td>93,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2010
</td>
<td>62,484
</td>
<td>18,760
</td>
<td>86,113
</td>
<td>89,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2011
</td>
<td>69,943
</td>
<td>23,150
</td>
<td>108,704
</td>
<td>90,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2012
</td>
<td>73,723
</td>
<td>16,978
</td>
<td>121,271
</td>
<td>94,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2013
</td>
<td>77,849
</td>
<td>21,863
</td>
<td>142,431
</td>
<td>99,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2014
</td>
<td>86,833
</td>
<td>22,074
</td>
<td>172,384
</td>
<td>128,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2015
</td>
<td>93,580
</td>
<td>12,193
</td>
<td>174,472
</td>
<td>118,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2016
</td>
<td>91,154
</td>
<td>20,539
</td>
<td>193,468
</td>
<td>114,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2017
</td>
<td>96,571
</td>
<td>25,489
</td>
<td>250,312
</td>
<td>124,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2018
</td>
<td>110,360
</td>
<td>16,571
</td>
<td>258,848
</td>
<td>131,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2019
</td>
<td>125,843
</td>
<td>39,240
</td>
<td>286,556
</td>
<td>144,106
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2020
</td>
<td>143,015
</td>
<td>44,281
</td>
<td>301,311
</td>
<td>163,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2021
</td>
<td>168,088
</td>
<td>61,271
</td>
<td>333,779
</td>
<td>181,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2022
</td>
<td>198,270
</td>
<td>72,738
</td>
<td>364,840
</td>
<td>221,000
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2023
</td>
<td>211,915
</td>
<td>73,307
</td>
<td>411,976
</td>
<td>238,000
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In November 2018, the company won a $480&#160;million military contract with the U.S. government to bring <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">augmented reality</a> (AR) headset technology into the weapon repertoires of American soldiers. The two-year contract may result in follow-on orders of more than 100,000 headsets, according to documentation describing the bidding process. One of the contract's tag lines for the augmented reality technology seems to be its ability to enable "25 bloodless battles before the 1st battle," suggesting that actual combat training is going to be an essential aspect of the augmented reality headset capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">&#91;192&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</span></h3>
<p>Microsoft is an international business. As such, it needs subsidiaries present in whatever national markets it chooses to harvest. An example is Microsoft Canada, which it established in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-mcan_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcan-193">&#91;193&#93;</a></sup> Other countries have similar installations, to funnel profits back up to Redmond and to distribute the dividends to the holders of MSFT stock.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ownership">Ownership</span></h3>
<p>The 10 largest shareholder of Microsoft in early 2024 were:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_184-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-184">&#91;184&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Shareholder name
</th>
<th>Percentage
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group" title="The Vanguard Group">The Vanguard Group</a>
</td>
<td>8.9%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a>
</td>
<td>5.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street Corporation</a>
</td>
<td>4.0%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a>
</td>
<td>2.9%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Geode_Capital_Management" title="Geode Capital Management">Geode Capital Management</a>
</td>
<td>2.1%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/T._Rowe_Price" title="T. Rowe Price">T. Rowe Price International</a>
</td>
<td>1.9%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Vance" title="Eaton Vance">Eaton Vance</a>
</td>
<td>1.7%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/JP_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="JP Morgan">JP Morgan Investment Management</a>
</td>
<td>1.6%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>
</td>
<td>1.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock Life</a>
</td>
<td>1.4%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Others
</td>
<td>68.5%
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Marketing">Marketing</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara,_Tokyo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Windows_8_Launch_Event_in_Akihabara%2C_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> Launch Event in <a href="/wiki/Akihabara" title="Akihabara">Akihabara</a>, Tokyo on October 25, 2012</figcaption></figure>
<p>In 2004, Microsoft commissioned research firms to do independent studies comparing the <a href="/wiki/Total_cost_of_ownership" title="Total cost of ownership">total cost of ownership</a> (TCO) of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> to <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>; the firms concluded that companies found Windows easier to administrate than Linux, thus those using Windows would administrate faster resulting in lower costs for their company (i.e. lower TCO).<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">&#91;194&#93;</a></sup> This spurred a wave of related studies; a study by the <a href="/wiki/Yankee_Group" title="Yankee Group">Yankee Group</a> concluded that upgrading from one version of Windows Server to another costs a fraction of the <a href="/wiki/Switching_barriers" title="Switching barriers">switching costs</a> from Windows Server to Linux, although companies surveyed noted the increased security and reliability of Linux servers and concern about being locked into using Microsoft products.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">&#91;195&#93;</a></sup> Another study, released by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Development_Labs" title="Open Source Development Labs">Open Source Development Labs</a>, claimed that the Microsoft studies were "simply outdated and one-sided" and their survey concluded that the TCO of Linux was lower due to Linux administrators managing more servers on average and other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">&#91;196&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>As part of the "Get the Facts" campaign, Microsoft highlighted the <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> trading platform that it had developed in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a> for the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, claiming that it provided "<a href="/wiki/High_availability" title="High availability">five nines</a>" reliability. After suffering extended downtime and unreliability<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">&#91;197&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">&#91;198&#93;</a></sup> the London Stock Exchange announced in 2009 that it was planning to drop its Microsoft solution and switch to a Linux-based one in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">&#91;199&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">&#91;200&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2012, Microsoft hired a political pollster named Mark Penn, whom <i>The New York Times</i> called "famous for bulldozing" his political opponents<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">&#91;201&#93;</a></sup> as Executive Vice-president, Advertising and Strategy. Penn created a series of negative advertisements targeting one of Microsoft's chief competitors, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. The advertisements, called "<a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a>," attempt to make the case that Google is "screwing" consumers with search results rigged to favor Google's paid advertisers, that <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> violates the privacy of its users to place ad results related to the content of their emails and shopping results, which favor Google products. Tech publications like TechCrunch have been highly critical of the advertising campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">&#91;202&#93;</a></sup> while Google employees have embraced it.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">&#91;203&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Layoffs">Layoffs</span></h3>
<p>In July 2014, Microsoft announced plans to lay off 18,000 employees. Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft layoff ever. This included 12,500 professional and factory personnel. Previously, Microsoft had eliminated 5,800 jobs in 2009 in line with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a> of 2008–2017.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">&#91;204&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">&#91;205&#93;</a></sup> In September 2014, Microsoft laid off 2,100 people, including 747 people in the Seattle–Redmond area, where the company is headquartered. The firings came as a second wave of the layoffs that were previously announced. This brought the total number to over 15,000 out of the 18,000 expected cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">&#91;206&#93;</a></sup> In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it was almost done with eliminating 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">&#91;207&#93;</a></sup> In July 2015, Microsoft announced another 7,800 job cuts in the next several months.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">&#91;208&#93;</a></sup> In May 2016, Microsoft announced another 1,850 job cuts mostly in its Nokia mobile phone division. As a result, the company will record an impairment and restructuring charge of approximately $950&#160;million, of which approximately $200&#160;million will relate to severance payments.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">&#91;209&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft laid off 1,900 employees in its gaming division in January 2024. The layoffs primarily affected Activision Blizzard employees, but some Xbox and ZeniMax employees were also affected.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210">&#91;210&#93;</a></sup> Blizzard president Mike Ybarra and Blizzard's chief design officer Allen Adham also resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">&#91;211&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_government">United States government</span></h3><p>
Microsoft provides information about reported bugs in their software to intelligence agencies of the United States government, prior to the public release of the fix. A Microsoft spokesperson has stated that the corporation runs several programs that facilitate the sharing of such information with the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">&#91;212&#93;</a></sup> Following media reports about <a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a>, NSA's massive electronic <a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">surveillance program</a>, in May 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">&#91;213&#93;</a></sup> According to leaks of said program, Microsoft joined the PRISM program in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">&#91;214&#93;</a></sup> However, in June 2013, an official statement from Microsoft flatly denied their participation in the program: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1211633275">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote" style="font-size:100%"><p>"We provide customer data only when we receive a legally binding order or subpoena to do so, and never on a voluntary basis. In addition, we only ever comply with orders for requests about specific accounts or identifiers. If the government has a broader voluntary national security program to gather customer data, we don't participate in it."<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">&#91;215&#93;</a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>During the first six months of 2013, Microsoft received requests that affected between 15,000 and 15,999 accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">&#91;216&#93;</a></sup> In December 2013, the company made a statement to further emphasize the fact that they take their customers' privacy and <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data protection</a> very seriously, even saying that "government snooping potentially now constitutes an '<a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">advanced persistent threat</a>,' alongside sophisticated malware and cyber attacks".<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">&#91;217&#93;</a></sup> The statement also marked the beginning of three-part program to enhance Microsoft's encryption and transparency efforts. On July 1, 2014, as part of this program, they opened the first (of many) Microsoft Transparency Center, which provides "participating governments with the ability to review <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> for our key products, assure themselves of their software integrity, and confirm there are no "<a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">back doors</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">&#91;218&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft has also argued that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> should enact strong privacy regulations to protect consumer data.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">&#91;219&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2016, the company <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._United_States_(2016)" title="Microsoft v. United States (2016)">sued the U.S. government</a>, argued that secrecy orders were preventing the company from disclosing warrants to customers in violation of the company's and customers' rights. Microsoft argued that it was unconstitutional for the government to indefinitely ban Microsoft from informing its users that the government was requesting their emails and other documents and that the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourth Amendment</a> made it so people or businesses had the right to know if the government searches or seizes their property. On October 23, 2017, Microsoft said it would drop the lawsuit as a result of a policy change by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DoJ). The DoJ had "changed data request rules on alerting the Internet users about agencies accessing their information."
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Security_challenges">Security challenges</span></h3>
<p>On a Friday afternoon in January 2024, Microsoft disclosed that a Russian state-sponsored group hacked into its corporate systems.  The group, accessed "a very small percentage" of Microsoft corporate email accounts, which also included members of its senior leadership team and employees in its cybersecurity and legal teams.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">&#91;220&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft noted in a blog post that the attack might have been prevented if the accounts in question had enabled <a href="/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication" title="Multi-factor authentication">multi-factor authentication</a>, a defensive measure which is widely recommended in the industry, including by Microsoft itself.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">&#91;221&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Corporate_identity">Corporate identity</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Corporate_culture">Corporate culture</span></h3>
<p>Technical references for developers and articles for various Microsoft magazines such as <i>Microsoft Systems Journal</i> (MSJ) are available through the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Microsoft Developer Network</a> (MSDN). MSDN also offers subscriptions for companies and individuals, and the more expensive subscriptions usually offer access to pre-release beta versions of Microsoft software.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">&#91;222&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">&#91;223&#93;</a></sup> In April 2004, Microsoft launched a community site for developers and users, titled <a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a>, that provides a <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">Internet forum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">&#91;224&#93;</a></sup> Another community site that provides daily <a href="/wiki/Podcast#Video_podcasts" title="Podcast">videocasts</a> and other services, On10.net, launched on March 3, 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">&#91;225&#93;</a></sup> Free technical support is traditionally provided through online <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> newsgroups, and <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> in the past, monitored by Microsoft employees; there can be several newsgroups for a single product. Helpful people can be elected by peers or Microsoft employees for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Most_Valuable_Professional" title="Microsoft Most Valuable Professional">Microsoft Most Valuable Professional</a> (MVP) status, which entitles them to a sort of special social status and possibilities for awards and other benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">&#91;226&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Noted for its internal <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a>, the expression "<a href="/wiki/Eating_your_own_dog_food" title="Eating your own dog food">eating your own dog food</a>" is used to describe the policy of using pre-release and beta versions of products inside Microsoft to test them in "real-world" situations.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">&#91;227&#93;</a></sup> This is usually shortened to just "dog food" and is used as a noun, verb, and adjective. Another bit of <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a>, <a href="/wiki/FYIFV" title="FYIFV">FYIFV</a> or FYIV ("<a href="/wiki/Fuck" title="Fuck">Fuck</a> You, I'm [Fully] Vested"), is used by an employee to indicate they are <a href="/wiki/Financial_independence" title="Financial independence">financially independent</a> and can avoid work anytime they wish.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">&#91;228&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft is an outspoken opponent of the cap on <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H-1B visas</a>, which allows companies in the U.S. to employ certain foreign workers. Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it difficult to hire employees for the company, stating "I'd certainly get rid of the H1B cap" in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">&#91;229&#93;</a></sup> Critics of H1B visas argue that relaxing the limits would result in increased unemployment for U.S. citizens due to H1B workers working for lower salaries.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">&#91;230&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a> Corporate Equality Index, a report of how progressive the organization deems company policies towards <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> employees, rated Microsoft as 87% from 2002 to 2004 and as 100% from 2005 to 2010 after they allowed gender expression.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">&#91;231&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2018, Microsoft implemented a policy for all companies providing subcontractors to require 12 weeks of paid parental leave to each employee. This expands on the former requirement from 2015 requiring 15 days of paid vacation and sick leave each year.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">&#91;232&#93;</a></sup> In 2015, Microsoft established its own parental leave policy to allow 12 weeks off for parental leave with an additional 8 weeks for the parent who gave birth.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">&#91;233&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment">Environment</span></h3>
<p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> released a report rating the top ten big brands in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> on their sources of electricity for their <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>. At the time, data centers consumed up to 2% of all global electricity, and this amount was projected to increase. <a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a> of Greenpeace said, "We are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today,"<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234">&#91;234&#93;</a></sup> and called on "Amazon, Microsoft and other leaders of the information-technology industry must embrace clean energy to power their cloud-based data centers."<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">&#91;235&#93;</a></sup> In 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy power generated by a Texas wind project to power one of its data centers.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">&#91;236&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft is ranked on the 17th place in <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>'s <i>Guide to Greener Electronics</i> (16th Edition) that ranks 18 electronics manufacturers according to their policies on toxic chemicals, recycling, and climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">&#91;237&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft's timeline for phasing out <a href="/wiki/Brominated_flame_retardant" title="Brominated flame retardant">brominated flame retardant</a> (BFRs) and <a href="/wiki/Phthalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalate">phthalates</a> in all products was 2012 but its commitment to phasing out <a href="/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride" title="Polyvinyl chloride">PVC</a> is not clear. As of January&#160;2011,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microsoft&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup> it has no products that are completely free from PVC and BFRs.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">&#91;238&#93;</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (March 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
</p><p>Microsoft's main U.S. campus received a silver certification from the <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design</a> (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed over 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a> on top of its buildings at its <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> campus, generating approximately 15 percent of the total energy needed by the facilities in April 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-news1_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news1-239">&#91;239&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft makes use of alternative forms of transit. It created one of the world's largest private bus systems, the "Connector," to transport people from outside the company; for on-campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect" uses a large fleet of hybrid cars to save fuel. The "Connector" does not compete with the public bus system and works with it to provide a cohesive transportation network not just for its employees but also for the public.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">&#91;240&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft also subsidizes regional <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>, provided by <a href="/wiki/Sound_Transit" title="Sound Transit">Sound Transit</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_County_Metro" title="King County Metro">King County Metro</a>, as an incentive.<sup id="cite_ref-news1_239-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news1-239">&#91;239&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">&#91;241&#93;</a></sup> In February 2010, however, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional public transport and <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">high-occupancy vehicle</a> (HOV) lanes to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Route_520" title="Washington State Route 520">State Route 520</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge" title="Evergreen Point Floating Bridge">its floating bridge</a> connecting Redmond to Seattle; the company did not want to delay the construction any further.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">&#91;242&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft was ranked number 1 in the list of the World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">&#91;243&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2020, the company announced a strategy to take the company <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon negative</a> by 2030 and to <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_removal" title="Carbon dioxide removal">remove all carbon</a> that it has emitted since its foundation in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">&#91;244&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">&#91;245&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">&#91;246&#93;</a></sup> On October 9, 2020, Microsoft permanently allowed <a href="/wiki/Remote_work" title="Remote work">remote work</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247">&#91;247&#93;</a></sup> In January 2021, the company announced on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to join the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Neutral_Data_Centre_Pact" title="Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact">Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact</a>, which engages the cloud infrastructure and data centers industries to reach <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> in Europe by 2030, and also disclosed an investment in <a href="/wiki/Climeworks" title="Climeworks">Climeworks</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Direct_air_capture" title="Direct air capture">direct air capture</a> company partnered with <a href="/wiki/Carbfix" title="Carbfix">Carbfix</a> for <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftClimeworks_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftClimeworks-253">&#91;list 1&#93;</a></sup> In the same year, it was awarded the EPA's Green Power Leadership Award, citing the company's use of 100 percent renewable energy since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254">&#91;253&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2023, Microsoft announced that it purchased $200 million in <a href="/wiki/Carbon_offsets_and_credits" title="Carbon offsets and credits">carbon credits to offset</a> 315,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide over 10 years from Heirloom Carbon, a carbon removal company that mixes <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">calcium oxide</a> from heated crushed <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> with <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Orthocarbonic_acid" title="Orthocarbonic acid">carbon hydroxide</a> to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to <a href="/wiki/Mineralization_(soil_science)" title="Mineralization (soil science)">mineralize</a> back into limestone while the released carbon dioxide is <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage" title="Carbon capture and storage">stored underground</a> or <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_concrete#Carbon_concrete" title="Environmental impact of concrete">injected into concrete</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">&#91;254&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">&#91;255&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Headquarters">Headquarters</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/220px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/330px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg/440px-Aerial_Microsoft_West_Campus_August_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>The west campus of the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Redmond_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Redmond campus">Microsoft Redmond campus</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>The corporate headquarters, informally known as the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Redmond_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Redmond campus">Microsoft Redmond campus</a>, is located at One Microsoft Way in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft initially moved onto the grounds of the campus on February 26, 1986, weeks before the company went public on March 13. The headquarters has since experienced multiple expansions since its establishment. It is estimated to encompass over 8&#160;million ft<sup>2</sup> (750,000&#160;m<sup>2</sup>) of office space and 30,000–40,000 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257">&#91;256&#93;</a></sup> Additional offices are located in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Issaquah,_Washington" title="Issaquah, Washington">Issaquah, Washington</a> (90,000 employees worldwide). The company is planning to upgrade its Mountain View, California, campus on a grand scale. The company has occupied this campus since 1981. In 2016, the company bought the 32-acre (13&#160;ha) campus, with plans to renovate and expand it by 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258">&#91;257&#93;</a></sup> Microsoft operates an East Coast headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259">&#91;258&#93;</a></sup> where the construction of a data center led to the destruction of a historic black cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260">&#91;259&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Flagship_stores">Flagship stores</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG/220px-TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG/330px-TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG/440px-TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> flagship store</figcaption></figure>
<p>On October 26, 2015, the company opened its retail location on Fifth Avenue in New York City. The location features a five-story glass storefront and is 22,270 square feet.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261">&#91;260&#93;</a></sup> As per company executives, Microsoft had been on the lookout for a flagship location since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">&#91;261&#93;</a></sup> The company's retail locations are part of a greater strategy to help build a connection with its consumers. The opening of the store coincided with the launch of the Surface Book and Surface Pro 4.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263">&#91;262&#93;</a></sup> On November 12, 2015, Microsoft opened a second flagship store, located in Sydney's Pitt Street Mall.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264">&#91;263&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Logo">Logo</span></h3>
<p>Microsoft adopted the so-called "<i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i> Logo," designed by Scott Baker, in February 26, 1987, with the concept being similar to <a href="/wiki/InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus Corporation</a> logo that was adapted a year earlier in 1986. Baker stated "The new logo, in <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a> italic typeface, has a slash between the <i>o</i> and <i>s</i> to emphasize the "soft" part of the name and convey motion and speed."<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265">&#91;264&#93;</a></sup> Dave Norris ran an internal joke campaign to save the old logo, which was green, in all uppercase, and featured a fanciful letter <i>O</i>, nicknamed the <i>blibbet</i>, but it was discarded.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266">&#91;265&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Microsoft's logo with the tagline "Your potential. Our passion."—below the main corporate name—is based on a slogan Microsoft used in 2008. In 2002, the company started using the logo in the United States and eventually started a television campaign with the slogan, changed from the previous tagline of <i>"<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>"</i><sup id="cite_ref-wherego1_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wherego1-267">&#91;266&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-potentialpassion1_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-potentialpassion1-268">&#91;267&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">&#91;268&#93;</a></sup> During the private MGX (Microsoft Global Exchange) conference in 2010, Microsoft unveiled the company's next tagline, <i>"Be What's Next."</i><sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270">&#91;269&#93;</a></sup> They also had a slogan/tagline "Making it all make sense."<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271">&#91;270&#93;</a></sup> The Microsoft <i>Pac-Man</i> logo was used for 25 years, 5 months, and 28 days until August 23, 2012, being the longest logo to be used by the company.
</p><p>On August 23, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new corporate logo at the opening of its 23rd Microsoft store in Boston, indicating the company's shift of focus from the classic style to the tile-centric modern interface, which it uses/will use on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, Windows 8 and the upcoming Office Suites.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272">&#91;271&#93;</a></sup> The new logo also includes four squares with the colors of the then-current Windows logo which have been used to represent Microsoft's four major products: Windows (blue), Office (orange), Xbox (green) and Bing (yellow).<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">&#91;272&#93;</a></sup> The logo also resembles the opening of one of the commercials for <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">&#91;273&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">&#91;274&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center">
	<li class="gallerycaption">Microsoft logo history</li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(1975).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="April 4, 1975–1980: First Microsoft logo"><img alt="April 4, 1975–1980: First Microsoft logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg/200px-Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg/300px-Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg/400px-Microsoft_logo_%281975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">April 4, 1975–1980: First Microsoft logo</div>
		</li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(1980).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1980–June 25, 1982: Second Microsoft logo"><img alt="1980–June 25, 1982: Second Microsoft logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg/200px-Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg/300px-Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg/400px-Microsoft_logo_%281980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">1980–June 25, 1982: Second Microsoft logo</div>
		</li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(1982).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="June 25, 1982–February 26, 1987: Third Microsoft logo"><img alt="June 25, 1982–February 26, 1987: Third Microsoft logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg/200px-Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg/300px-Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg/400px-Microsoft_logo_%281982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="135" /></a></span></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">June 25, 1982–February 26, 1987: Third Microsoft logo</div>
		</li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(1987).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="February 26, 1987–August 23, 2012: Microsoft &quot;Pac-Man&quot; logo, designed by Scott Baker[266][267]"><img alt="February 26, 1987–August 23, 2012: Microsoft &quot;Pac-Man&quot; logo, designed by Scott Baker[266][267]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg/200px-Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg/300px-Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg/400px-Microsoft_logo_%281987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="166" /></a></span></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">February 26, 1987–August 23, 2012: Microsoft "<a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a>" logo, designed by Scott Baker<sup id="cite_ref-wherego1_267-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wherego1-267">&#91;266&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-potentialpassion1_268-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-potentialpassion1-268">&#91;267&#93;</a></sup></div>
		</li>
		<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px">
			<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_logo_(2012).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="August 23, 2012–present: Fifth and current Microsoft logo[275]"><img alt="August 23, 2012–present: Fifth and current Microsoft logo[275]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/200px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/300px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg/400px-Microsoft_logo_%282012%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="109" /></a></span></div>
			<div class="gallerytext">August 23, 2012–present: Fifth and current Microsoft logo<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">&#91;275&#93;</a></sup></div>
		</li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sponsorship">Sponsorship</span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Toyota Yaris WRC.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg/220px-Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg/330px-Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg/440px-Toyota_Yaris_WRC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3439" /></a><figcaption>Toyota Yaris WRC</figcaption></figure>
<p>The company was the official jersey sponsor of <a href="/wiki/Finland_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland national basketball team">Finland's national basketball team</a> at <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_2015" title="EuroBasket 2015">EuroBasket 2015</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277">&#91;276&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The company was a major sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Gazoo_Racing_WRT" title="Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT">Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_WRC" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 WRC">2017</a>–<a href="/wiki/2020_World_Rally_Championship" title="2020 World Rally Championship">2020</a>).
</p><p>The company was a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Renault_F1_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault F1 Team">Renault F1 Team</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2016 Formula One World Championship">2016</a>–<a href="/wiki/2020_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2020 Formula One World Championship">2020</a>).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</span></h3>
<p>In 2015, Microsoft Philanthropies, an internal charitable organization, was established. Its mission is to bring the benefits of technology to parts of the world and segments of the population that have been denied the benefits of the digital revolution. Key areas of focus: donating cloud computing resources to university researchers and nonprofit groups; supporting the expansion of broadband access worldwide; funding international computer science education through YouthSpark; supporting tech education in the U.S. from kindergarten to high school; and donating to global child and refugee relief organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">&#91;277&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279">&#91;278&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Microsoft's president, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a>, announced that an initial batch of supplies, including 15,000 protection goggles, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">infrared thermometers</a>, medical caps, and protective suits, was donated to Seattle, with further aid to come soon.<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280">&#91;279&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>During <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> Microsoft started monitoring cyberattacks originating from the Russian government and Russia-backed hackers. In June 2022, Microsoft published the report on Russian cyber attacks and concluded that state-backed Russian hackers "have engaged in "strategic espionage" against governments, think tanks, businesses and aid groups" in 42 countries supporting Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281">&#91;280&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282">&#91;281&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversies">Controversies</span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Microsoft litigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism of Microsoft</a></div>
<p>Criticism of Microsoft has followed various aspects of its products and business practices. Frequently criticized are the <a href="/wiki/Ease_of_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Ease of use">ease of use</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robustness_(computer_science)" title="Robustness (computer science)">robustness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a> of the company's software. They have also been criticized for the use of <a href="/wiki/Permatemp" title="Permatemp">permatemp</a> employees (employees employed for years as "temporary," and therefore without medical benefits), the use of <a href="/wiki/Forced_retention" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced retention">forced retention</a> tactics, which means that employees would be sued if they tried to leave.<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283">&#91;282&#93;</a></sup> Historically, Microsoft has also been accused of overworking employees, in many cases, leading to <a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">burnout</a> within just a few years of joining the company. The company is often referred to as a "Velvet Sweatshop", a term which originated in a 1989 <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a></i> article,<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284">&#91;283&#93;</a></sup> and later became used to describe the company by some of Microsoft's own employees.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285">&#91;284&#93;</a></sup> This characterization is derived from the perception that Microsoft provides nearly everything for its employees in a convenient place, but in turn overworks them to a point where it would be bad for their (possibly long-term) health.
</p><p>As reported by several news outlets,<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-286">&#91;285&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neate_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neate-287">&#91;286&#93;</a></sup> an Irish subsidiary of Microsoft based in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> declared £220 bn in profits but paid no corporation tax for the year 2020. This is due to the company being tax resident in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> as mentioned in the accounts for 'Microsoft Round Island One, a subsidiary that collects license fees from the use of Microsoft software worldwide. Dame <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hodge" title="Margaret Hodge">Margaret Hodge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MP</a> in the UK said, "It is unsurprising – yet still shocking – that massively wealthy global corporations openly, unashamedly and blatantly refuse to pay tax on the profits they make in the countries where they undertake business".<sup id="cite_ref-Neate_287-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neate-287">&#91;286&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> reported that the company had diverted more than $39 billion in U.S. profits to Puerto Rico using a mechanism structured to make it seem as if the company was unprofitable on paper. As a result, the company paid a tax rate on those profits of "nearly 0%." When the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> audited these transactions, ProPublica reported that Microsoft aggressively fought back, including successfully lobbying Congress to change the law to make it harder for the agency to conduct audits of large corporations.<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288">&#91;287&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289">&#91;288&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>"Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE),<sup id="cite_ref-DeadlyEmbrace_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeadlyEmbrace-290">&#91;289&#93;</a></sup> also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate,"<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291">&#91;290&#93;</a></sup> is a phrase that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> found<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292">&#91;291&#93;</a></sup> that was used internally by Microsoft<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293">&#91;292&#93;</a></sup> to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used standards, extending those standards with <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> capabilities, and then using those differences to strongly disadvantage competitors. Microsoft is frequently accused of using anticompetitive tactics and abusing its monopolistic power. People who use their products and services often end up becoming dependent on them, a process is known as <a href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">vendor lock-in</a>.
</p><p>Microsoft was the first company to participate in <a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">the PRISM surveillance program</a>, according to leaked NSA documents obtained by <i>The Guardian</i><sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">&#91;293&#93;</a></sup> and <i>The Washington Post</i><sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">&#91;294&#93;</a></sup> in June 2013, and acknowledged by government officials following the leak.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296">&#91;295&#93;</a></sup> The program authorizes the government to secretly access data of non-US citizens hosted by American companies without a warrant. Microsoft has denied participation in such a program.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297">&#91;296&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> believes Microsoft should hire more <a href="/wiki/Minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Minorities">minorities</a> and women. In 2015, he praised Microsoft for appointing two women to its board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298">&#91;297&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a>, the manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a> platform, complained to European regulators about Microsoft due to the integration of the Teams service into Office 365. Negotiations with the European Commission continued until the summer of 2023, but, as it became known to the media, they reached an impasse. Microsoft is now facing an antitrust investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299">&#91;298&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">List of Microsoft software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Microsoft hardware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Microsoft engineering groups</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Enterprise_Agreement" title="Microsoft Enterprise Agreement">Microsoft Enterprise Agreement</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2023" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Tom (October 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/13/23791235/microsoft-activision-blizzard-acquisition-complete-finalized">"Microsoft completes Activision Blizzard acquisition, Call of Duty now part of Xbox"</a>. <i>The Verge</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=Microsoft+completes+Activision+Blizzard+acquisition%2C+Call+of+Duty+now+part+of+Xbox&amp;rft.date=2023-10-13&amp;rft.aulast=Warren&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F10%2F13%2F23791235%2Fmicrosoft-activision-blizzard-acquisition-complete-finalized&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm">"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission&#160;&#8211;&#32; Linkedin"</a>. <i>US SEC</i>. December 8, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018154931/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2018</span>. <q>As a result of the Merger, a change in control of [Linkedin] occurred and [Linkedin] became a wholly-owned subsidiary of [Microsoft]. The transaction resulted in the payment of approximately $26.4 billion in cash merger consideration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=US+SEC&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Linkedin&amp;rft.date=2016-12-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F1271024%2F000110465916161289%2Fa16-22816_18k.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600">"Microsoft confirms takeover of Skype"</a>. BBC. May 10, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620073353/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Microsoft+confirms+takeover+of+Skype&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft.date=2011-05-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-13343600&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFKeizer2014" class="citation web cs1">Keizer, Gregg (July 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html">"Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14%"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">International Data Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821210826/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2016. <q>[Microsoft's chief operating officer] Turner's 14% came from a new forecast released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows' share of the shipped device market last year was 14% and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. [..] Android will dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this year</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Computerworld&amp;rft.atitle=Microsoft+gets+real%2C+admits+its+device+share+is+just+14%25&amp;rft.date=2014-07-14&amp;rft.aulast=Keizer&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregg&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2490008%2Fmicrosoft-windows%2Fmicrosoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBlodget2013" class="citation news cs1">Blodget, Henry (August 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8">"And Microsoft Is Giving Up On The Software Business!"</a>. <i>Business Insider Australia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165822/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Business+Insider+Australia&amp;rft.atitle=And+Microsoft+Is+Giving+Up+On+The+Software+Business%21&amp;rft.date=2013-08-23&amp;rft.aulast=Blodget&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com.au%2Fmicrosoft-device-and-services-2013-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/d/d-id/1090416">"Notify The Next Of Kin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InformationWeek" title="InformationWeek">InformationWeek</a></i>. June 30, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124515/http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/d/d-id/1090416">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=InformationWeek&amp;rft.atitle=Notify+The+Next+Of+Kin&amp;rft.date=2010-06-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fapplications%2Fnotify-the-next-of-kin%2Fd%2Fd-id%2F1090416&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>
<dl><dt>Bundled references</dt></dl>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-MicrosoftClimeworks-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MicrosoftClimeworks_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">&#91;248&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249">&#91;249&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250">&#91;250&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251">&#91;251&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252">&#91;252&#93;</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
<li>Business data for Microsoft Corporation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/MSFT:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/MSFT:NASDAQ">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/MSFT.O">Reuters</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&amp;CIK=789019">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/MSFT">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Microsoft">Microsoft companies</a> grouped at <a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft" title="Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft" title="Template talk:Microsoft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Microsoft" title="Outline of Microsoft">Outline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Rodriguez" title="Carlos A. Rodriguez">Carlos A. Rodriguez</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Capossela" title="Chris Capossela">Chris Capossela</a> (CMO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Guthrie" title="Scott Guthrie">Scott Guthrie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> (CFO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scott_(computer_scientist)" title="Kevin Scott (computer scientist)">Kevin Scott</a> (CTO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a> (CLO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shum" title="Harry Shum">Harry Shum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hogan" title="Kathleen Hogan">Kathleen Hogan</a> (CPO)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate VPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a> (SVP)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cernuda" title="César Cernuda">César Cernuda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Panay_(Microsoft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panos Panay (Microsoft)">Panos Panay</a> (CVP)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employee groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_LGBTQIA%2B_Employee_%26_Allies_at_Microsoft" title="Global LGBTQIA+ Employee &amp; Allies at Microsoft">Global LGBTQIA+ Employee &amp; Allies at Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Kinect" title="Azure Kinect">Azure Kinect</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Go" title="Surface Go">Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop" title="Surface Laptop">Laptop</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop_Go" title="Surface Laptop Go">Laptop Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro" title="Surface Pro">Pro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Studio" title="Surface Studio">Studio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Duo" title="Surface Duo">Duo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Neo" title="Surface Neo">Neo</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">365</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Dynamics">Dynamics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Open source software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Power Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Servers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tay_(chatbot)" title="Tay (chatbot)">Tay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox OS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming <br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">VB.NET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">MVPL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">Visual J#</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Learn" title="Microsoft Learn">Microsoft Learn</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Developer Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Learning" title="LinkedIn Learning">LinkedIn Learning</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Translator" title="Microsoft Translator">Translator</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Build" title="Microsoft Build">Build</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Ignite" title="Microsoft Ignite">Ignite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Inspire" title="Microsoft Inspire">Inspire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Engineering groups</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype unit</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Digital Crimes Unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Garage" title="Microsoft Garage">Garage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Press</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Retail stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Gaming</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Microsoft campus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Egypt" title="Microsoft Egypt">Microsoft Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Champagne_(advertisement)" title="Champagne (advertisement)">Champagne</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_PC" title="I&#39;m a PC">I'm a PC</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Bundling of Microsoft Windows">Bundling of Microsoft Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Clippy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ILoo#Reaction" title="ILoo">iLoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Security_vulnerabilities" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NSAKEY" title="NSAKEY">_NSAKEY</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.">Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple v. Microsoft</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft v. Commission</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Microsoft" title="FTC v. Microsoft">FTC v. Microsoft</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Lindows.com,_Inc." title="Microsoft Corp. v. Lindows.com, Inc.">Microsoft v. Lindows</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._MikeRoweSoft" title="Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft">Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Shah" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Shah">Microsoft v. Shah</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft</a></i> (2001 antitrust case)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States" title="Microsoft Corp. v. United States">Microsoft v. United States</a></i> (2018 data privacy case)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Completed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">6Wunderkinder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Access Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Acompli" title="Acompli">Acompli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Software" title="Altamira Software">Altamira Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Azyxxi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Ribbon_SoundWorks" title="The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks">The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixer (website)">Beam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Calista_Technologies" title="Calista Technologies">Calista Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colloquis" title="Colloquis">Colloquis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_Games" title="Compulsion Games">Compulsion Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Connectix" title="Connectix">Connectix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danger_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Danger Inc.">Danger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fine_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Double Fine Productions">Double Fine Productions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Travel" title="MSN Travel">Farecast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FASA_Studio" title="FASA Studio">FASA Studio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Development_Center_Norway" title="Microsoft Development Center Norway">Fast Search &amp; Transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(website)" title="Firefly (website)">Firefly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Defender" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Defender">GIANT Company Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Networks" title="Groove Networks">Groove Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Havok Group</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Heat_Major_League_Baseball" title="High Heat Major League Baseball">High Heat Major League Baseball</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Hotmail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/InXile_Entertainment" title="InXile Entertainment">inXile Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish.com" title="Jellyfish.com">Jellyfish.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LinkExchange" title="LinkExchange">LinkExchange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lionhead_Studios" title="Lionhead Studios">Lionhead Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maluuba" title="Maluuba">Maluuba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Incorporated" title="Massive Incorporated">Massive Incorporated</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MileIQ" title="MileIQ">Mobile Data Labs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mojang_Studios" title="Mojang Studios">Mojang Studios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Theory" title="Ninja Theory">Ninja Theory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Nokia Devices and Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Npm,_Inc." title="Npm, Inc.">npm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_Entertainment" title="Obsidian Entertainment">Obsidian Entertainment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Toolbar#Onfolio" title="Windows Live Toolbar">Onfolio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pando_Networks" title="Pando Networks">Pando Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perceptive_Pixel" title="Perceptive Pixel">Perceptive Pixel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Games" title="Playground Games">Playground Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PlaceWare" title="PlaceWare">PlaceWare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Press_Play_(company)" title="Press Play (company)">Press Play</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ProClarity" title="ProClarity">ProClarity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ScreenTonic" class="mw-redirect" title="ScreenTonic">ScreenTonic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Islands" title="Secure Islands">Secure Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Simplygon" title="Simplygon">Simplygon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Calendar" title="Sunrise Calendar">Sunrise Atelier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SwiftKey" title="Microsoft SwiftKey">SwiftKey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sysinternals" title="Sysinternals">Winternals Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teleo" title="Teleo">Teleo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tellme_Networks" title="Tellme Networks">Tellme Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pixel_Games" title="Twisted Pixel Games">Twisted Pixel Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Labs" title="Undead Labs">Undead Labs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vermeer_Technologies" title="Vermeer Technologies">Vermeer Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visio_Corporation" title="Visio Corporation">Visio Corporation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(graphics_software)" title="Flux (graphics software)">Vivaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VoloMetrix" title="VoloMetrix">VoloMetrix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NetShow" title="NetShow">VXtreme</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">WebTV Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xandr" title="Xandr">Xandr</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppNexus" title="AppNexus">AppNexus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yupi" title="Yupi">Yupi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Home_Depot" title="The Home Depot">Home Depot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson &amp; Johnson">Johnson &amp; Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald&#39;s">McDonald's</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Merck_%26_Co." title="Merck &amp; Co.">Merck</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter &amp; Gamble">Procter &amp; Gamble</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies" title="The Travelers Companies">Travelers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">UnitedHealth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></li></ul>
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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100" title="Template talk:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Companies_of_the_Nasdaq-100_index" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies of the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq-100" title="Nasdaq-100">Nasdaq-100</a> index</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ADP,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="ADP, Inc.">ADP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/American_Electric_Power" title="American Electric Power">AEP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amgen" title="Amgen">Amgen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ansys" title="Ansys">Ansys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ASML_Holding" title="ASML Holding">ASML</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Atlassian" title="Atlassian">Atlassian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CDW" title="CDW">CDW</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Charter Communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cintas" title="Cintas">Cintas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners" title="Coca-Cola Europacific Partners">Coca-Cola Europacific Partners</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_Energy" title="Constellation Energy">Constellation Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copart" title="Copart">Copart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CoStar_Group" title="CoStar Group">CoStar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Corporation" title="CSX Corporation">CSX</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Datadog" title="Datadog">Datadog</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dexcom" title="Dexcom">Dexcom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_Energy" title="Diamondback Energy">Diamondback Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_Tree" title="Dollar Tree">Dollar Tree</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DoorDash" title="DoorDash">DoorDash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exelon" title="Exelon">Exelon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fastenal" title="Fastenal">Fastenal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fortinet" title="Fortinet">Fortinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GE_HealthCare" title="GE HealthCare">GE HealthCare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories" title="Idexx Laboratories">Idexx Laboratories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Illumina,_Inc." title="Illumina, Inc.">Illumina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical" title="Intuitive Surgical">Intuitive Surgical</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper" title="Keurig Dr Pepper">Keurig Dr Pepper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KLA_Corporation" title="KLA Corporation">KLA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_International" title="Marriott International">Marriott International</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moderna" title="Moderna">Moderna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mondelez_International" title="Mondelez International">Mondelez International</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MongoDB_Inc." title="MongoDB Inc.">MongoDB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Beverage" title="Monster Beverage">Monster Beverage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O&#39;Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks" title="Palo Alto Networks">Palo Alto Networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paychex" title="Paychex">Paychex</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pinduoduo" title="Pinduoduo">PDD Holdings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals" title="Regeneron Pharmaceuticals">Regeneron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roper_Technologies" title="Roper Technologies">Roper Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Trade_Desk" title="The Trade Desk">Trade Desk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walgreens_Boots_Alliance" title="Walgreens Boots Alliance">Walgreens Boots Alliance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xcel_Energy" title="Xcel Energy">Xcel Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zscaler" title="Zscaler">Zscaler</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seattle-based_Corporations_(within_the_Seattle_metropolitan_area)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seattle_Corporations" title="Template:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seattle_Corporations" title="Template talk:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seattle_Corporations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seattle Corporations"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seattle-based_Corporations_(within_the_Seattle_metropolitan_area)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Seattle" title="List of companies based in Seattle">Seattle-based Corporations</a> (within the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle metropolitan area</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/SeaTac,_Washington" title="SeaTac, Washington">SeaTac</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a> (#360)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a> (#2)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Expedia_Group" title="Expedia Group">Expedia Group</a> (#263)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Expeditors_International" title="Expeditors International">Expeditors International</a> (#389)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a> (#205)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> (#114)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a> (#457)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_region" title="Puget Sound region">Puget Sound</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Fortune_1000" title="Fortune 1000">Fortune 1000</a> corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Companies listed above, plus: <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco Wholesale</a> (#14)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a> (#21)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> (#118)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_Energy" title="Puget Sound Energy">Puget Sound Energy</a> (#710)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Puget_Sound_region" title="Puget Sound region">Puget Sound</a>-based non-public<br /> or externally owned corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Fish_Games" title="Big Fish Games">Big Fish Games</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Darigold" title="Darigold">Darigold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Bauer" title="Eddie Bauer">Eddie Bauer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Soda" title="Jones Soda">Jones Soda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Nash Holdings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo of America</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/QFC" title="QFC">QFC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/REI" title="REI">REI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safeco" title="Safeco">Safeco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile US</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corsair_Gaming" title="Corsair Gaming">Corsair</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Element_Electronics" title="Element Electronics">Element Electronics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Radio" title="Emerson Radio">Emerson Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harman_International" title="Harman International">Harman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Electronics" title="Jensen Electronics">Jensen Electronics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kenmore_(brand)" title="Kenmore (brand)">Kenmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_International" title="Kimball International">Kimball</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Koss_Corporation" title="Koss Corporation">Koss</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Memorex" title="Memorex">Memorex</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Cable" title="Monster Cable">Monster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plantronics" title="Plantronics">Plantronics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Planar_Systems" title="Planar Systems">Planar Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Razer Inc">Razer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seiki_Digital" title="Seiki Digital">Seiki Digital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Skullcandy" title="Skullcandy">Skullcandy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Beach_Corporation" title="Turtle Beach Corporation">Turtle Beach</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ViewSonic" title="ViewSonic">ViewSonic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vizio" title="Vizio">Vizio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electronics" title="Westinghouse Electronics">Westinghouse Electronics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Electronic components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Achronix" title="Achronix">Achronix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Integrated" title="Maxim Integrated">Maxim Integrated</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/AVX_Corporation" title="AVX Corporation">AVX</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cirque_Corporation" title="Cirque Corporation">Cirque</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diodes_Incorporated" title="Diodes Incorporated">Diodes Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flex_(company)" title="Flex (company)">Flex</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jabil" title="Jabil">Jabil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KEMET_Corporation" title="KEMET Corporation">KEMET</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sanmina_Corporation" title="Sanmina Corporation">Sanmina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vishay_Intertechnology" title="Vishay Intertechnology">Vishay</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ampere_Computing" title="Ampere Computing">Ampere Computing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Semiconductor" title="Cypress Semiconductor">Cypress Semiconductor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Electronics" title="Interlink Electronics">Interlink</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KLA-Tencor" class="mw-redirect" title="KLA-Tencor">KLA-Tencor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atmel" title="Atmel">Atmel</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Data" title="Nimbus Data">Nimbus Data</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellanox_Technologies" title="Mellanox Technologies">Mellanox</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">Onsemi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tabula_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula (company)">Tabula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BLU_Products" title="BLU Products">BLU</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">GE</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actel" title="Actel">Actel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LSI_Corporation" title="LSI Corporation">LSI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsemi" title="Microsemi">Microsemi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Inc">Palm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Signetics" title="Signetics">Signetics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Electronics" title="Zenith Electronics">Zenith Electronics</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template talk:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers<br />and servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Star_International" title="Micro-Star International">MSI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc." title="Razer Inc.">Razer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dynabook_Inc." title="Dynabook Inc.">Dynabook</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Servers_only" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainframes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<dl><dt>See also</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_information_technology_companies_by_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest information technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Computer hardware manufacturers</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_computer_hardware_companies" title="Category:Home computer hardware companies">Home computer hardware companies</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Server_hardware" title="Category:Server hardware">Server hardware</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mainframe_computers" title="Category:Mainframe computers">Mainframe computers</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_Internet_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template talk:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_Internet_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$4 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Internet_companies" title="List of largest Internet companies">Internet </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">Kakao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meituan" title="Meituan">Meituan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Corporation" title="Naver Corporation">Naver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">Apple iCloud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ServiceNow" title="ServiceNow">ServiceNow</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E-commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Expedia" title="Expedia">Expedia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groupon" title="Groupon">Groupon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lazada_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazada Group">Lazada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shopee" title="Shopee">Shopee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suning.com" title="Suning.com">Suning.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trip.com" title="Trip.com">Trip.com</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wayfair" title="Wayfair">Wayfair</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zalando" title="Zalando">Zalando</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/G/O_Media" title="G/O Media">G/O Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Streaming" title="Paramount Streaming">Paramount Streaming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_software_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_software_companies" title="Template talk:Major software companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_software_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with annual software revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IT_Group" title="Amadeus IT Group">Amadeus IT Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/FIS_(company)" title="FIS (company)">FIS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infor" title="Infor">Infor</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Microsoft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Software" title="Quest Software">Quest Software</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Group" title="Sage Group">Sage Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<dl><dt>See also</dt>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">Largest software companies</a></dd>
<dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_companies" title="Category:Software companies">Category:Software companies</a></dd></dl>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130094686">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Microsoft</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Microsoft">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Microsoft" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Microsoft">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Microsoft" class="extiw" title="q:Microsoft">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:_Microsoft" class="extiw" title="v:Portal: Microsoft">Resources</a></b> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div>
<p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Microsoft&amp;params=47_38_23_N_122_7_42_W_region:US_dim:540"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°38′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°7′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.63972°N 122.12833°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">47.63972; -122.12833</span></span></span></a></span></span>
</p>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121813404">ISNI</a></span></li>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90182985">Norway</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX121178">Spain</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120673486">France</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120673486">BnF data</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512489506706">Catalonia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5003949-0">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007265465105171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86810571">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/86lpvmjs41cgxwv">Sweden</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000083581&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00322150">Japan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Microsoft Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=kn20020321575&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35928074">Australia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record44026">Greece</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000351632&amp;local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810635047505606">Poland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/135822">Portugal</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04359585?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500333090">ULAN</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1149675">Trove</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=60519">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030109434">IdRef</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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